The Effect of Workplace Violence on Nurses’ Job Satisfaction at University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital
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Background of the Study
Workplace violence (WPV) in healthcare settings is a growing global concern, with nurses being among the most affected professionals. WPV includes physical assault, verbal abuse, bullying, and psychological harassment, often perpetrated by patients, their relatives, or even colleagues (International Council of Nurses [ICN], 2024). The consequences of workplace violence include emotional distress, reduced job performance, burnout, and high turnover rates among nurses.
At the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital (UMTH), cases of workplace violence have been reported, especially in emergency and psychiatric units where tensions often escalate. Nurses working under hostile conditions may experience decreased job satisfaction, leading to diminished motivation, lower productivity, and increased resignation rates (Ahmed & Yusuf, 2023). Since job satisfaction is a crucial determinant of quality healthcare delivery, understanding the impact of WPV on nurses' morale is necessary for improving hospital policies and ensuring a safer working environment.
This study seeks to examine the effect of workplace violence on nurses’ job satisfaction at UMTH, identify factors contributing to WPV, and propose strategies for reducing violence in healthcare settings.
Statement of the Problem
Workplace violence has become a significant challenge in Nigerian healthcare facilities, with nurses frequently subjected to aggression from patients, their families, and even fellow healthcare workers. Despite efforts to address this issue, WPV remains underreported and inadequately managed at UMTH. Studies have shown that exposure to violence negatively impacts nurses’ psychological well-being, reduces job satisfaction, and increases staff turnover (Ogunyemi & Bello, 2023).
At UMTH, nurses in high-risk units such as emergency, psychiatry, and intensive care are more vulnerable to violent incidents, yet there is limited research on the extent of WPV and its impact on job satisfaction. Addressing this issue is essential for improving workplace safety, reducing stress-related resignations, and enhancing the quality of patient care. This study will evaluate the relationship between WPV and nurses’ job satisfaction, identify key risk factors, and suggest interventions for mitigating violence in the hospital.
Objectives of the Study
- To assess the prevalence of workplace violence among nurses at UMTH.
- To examine the effect of WPV on nurses’ job satisfaction.
- To recommend strategies for reducing workplace violence in UMTH.
Research Questions
- How prevalent is workplace violence among nurses at UMTH?
- What impact does WPV have on nurses’ job satisfaction?
- What measures can be implemented to reduce workplace violence in UMTH?
Research Hypotheses
- Workplace violence negatively affects nurses’ job satisfaction.
- Nurses in high-risk units experience lower job satisfaction due to frequent exposure to violence.
- Implementing strict anti-violence policies will improve nurses’ job satisfaction.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study focuses on nurses at UMTH, assessing their experiences with workplace violence and its effect on job satisfaction. Limitations may include underreporting of violent incidents due to fear of victimization and difficulties in obtaining official hospital data on WPV cases.
Definitions of Terms
- Workplace Violence (WPV) – Any act of aggression, physical or verbal, directed at nurses in their work environment.
- Job Satisfaction – The level of fulfillment and contentment nurses experience in their workplace.
- High-Risk Units – Hospital departments where nurses are more likely to experience violence, such as emergency and psychiatric wards.
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